A Gift of Fire Class Questions

6.8 Describe two things the entertainment industry has done to protect its copyrights. For each, ell whether you think its justified.

Two things that entertainment industry has done is to make it difficult for DVD's to be uploaded to computers. DVD companies also realizes DVDs to Online costumers and sellers later one. Another thing that has been done is they watch what is going on online. For example on Youtube, when TV shows are published onto Youtube they are soon taken down because of copyright violations.

6.11 This book, like many others, includes short quotations from other people's work at the beginning of many sections. Such quotes are are almost always used without explicit permission. Explain why they are fair uses.

They are done under fair use because the quotes are properly cited and they give credit to where it is deserved. Also this book uses footnotes which are also a very good way to cite information and to give credit to where it is rightfully deserved.

6.13 A political group organized a forum on its Web site where people were encouraged to post and comment on individual newspaper articles relevant to political issues of concern to the group. Other participants added their comments, and debate and discussion of the articles continued. Two newspapers sued, arguing that posting the articles violated their copyrights. Analyze the case. How do the fair-use guidelines apply? Who should win?

I think that the newspapers should win. I think that it is wrong for the people to post whole articles online with no permission and also no citations to the original source.

6.14. You are a teacher. You would like your students to use a software package, but the school's budget does not include enough money to buy copies for all the students. Your school is in a poor neighborhood, and you know most of the parents cannot afford to buy the software for their children

a. List some ways you could try to obtain the software without making unauthorized copies.

One way that I think would work is writing them a letter asking if you can get more licenses for the software. I think that if the company knows the situation then they will be understanding, and give the licenses.

b. Suppose none of the methods you try work. WIll you copy the software or decide no to use it? Give some arguments for and against your positing. Explain why you think the arguments are on your side are stronger.

I do not think that the question can be answered with the information that has been given. I that that it would really matter how old the kids are that are using the software, and if it is a software that will only be used for school. I mean that they will not be using it on their own for recreational use. If they are using it on their own then I think that the copies should not be made, because then thats bad if they are getting something that they want, illegally. But if it is something that is not important, and that the students will not be tempted to buy on their own then I think that it is fine. This argument that if they are not going to buy it anyway then it is fine is a better argument because if this is the case then the company is really not loosing out on that much money, and even if the class still felt it was wrong then the lesson plan could just be changed.

Vocab

formatting-line spacing, text size, margin size,

template- a pattern used to create more documents.

spell check- To verify the spelling in a document using a program

grammar check- A program on the computer that attempts to verify the grammar. (does not work)

ASCII/unicode-ASCII- binary code in 8-bit bytes Unicode- allows for more characters- both how the computer works with use of 1 and 0's

animation-The rapid display of 2D or 3D images to create the allusion of movement

bit-map versus vector graphics Bit Mapped graphics have more control but they tend to look grainy when blown up. on the other hand vector graphics or object oriented graphs are better for creating computer things, like logos, charts and graphs. And the lines are smother.

object-oriented- When the images that are created using the computer are made with vectors and not pixels.

clip art Images on the computer that are made to be used as logos and such, and are made with vector graphics so that the client can resize the graphic to any size that they want.

CAD-Computer aided design software-it is cheep and quick-can help business make designs of what their prototypes will look like.

hypermedia- A hypermedia system connects all different and related forms of information(media) in one place so that it can all be presented together.

hypertext- Text on a document/webpage (only on the computer) and this text has links imbedded in it so that it can take you to another place.

pixel- For computers and science, the smallest part of a picture, and they appear grainy if the image is blown up.

resolution- the number of pixels per square inch in a computer display.

MP3- MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, an audio file using lossy file compression so it gets rid of the sounds that we can not hear, so this way there is no space on the CD that we can not hear.

MIDI-Musical instrument design interface- the protocol for communications between musicians and computers.

morph- A change of shape in computer design images.

PDF-Pros Free access to doc (portable);can include images/graphics.

Cons- Not everyone can edit it; potentially large files

Text-Pros-Simple;portable; tiny files

-Con-Simple; only text; No Unicode

RTF (rich text format) (blogger)-Pros- Portable;allows formatting

Cons-potential conflict with html; no unicode

MSWord-Pros-allows vast formatting;allows graphics/images; easy to edit

-Cons- Not portable; expensive

1-6-10 notes/homework

Intellectual Property-

What the creator of the work is allowed to do.

• To Make Copies of the work
• To produce derivate works, such as translation into other languages or movies based on books
• To distribute copies
• to perform the work in public
• to display the work in public

Problems from new technologies

• Storage of all sorts of information (text sound graphics) in standard digitized formats
• High-volume, relatively inexpressive Digital storage media, such as hard disks, CD-ROMs and DVDs (digital versatile dishes, also called digital video disks)
• character scanners and image scanners, which simplify converting printed text, photos, and artwork to digitized electronic form
• compression formats, such as MP3 and Div X, that make music and movie files small enough to download, coy and store
• the ease of copying digitized material and the fact that each copy is a perfect copy
• the ease of distributing digitized material over computer networks
• the World Wide Web which makes it easy to find and download material and
• peer-to-peer technology, which permits easy transfer of files by large numbers of strangers over the Internet without any centralized system or service

The fair use doctrine allows uses of copyrighted material that contribute to the creation of new work (such as reviews that quote part of a copyrighted material that work) and uses that are not likely to deprive authors or publisher of income of their work.

1. the purpose of nature of the use, including whether it is for commercial purposes or nonprofit educational purposes ( copyright for commercial purposes is less likely to be fair use.)
2. The nature of the copyrighted work( creative work has more protection that a factual work.)
3. the amount and significance of the portion used.
4. The effect of the use on the potential market for or values of the copyrighted work ( uses that educe sales of original work that less likely to be considered fair.)

Questions

6.6 Describe two technical means of protecting copyright of intellectual property on the web, and two management solutions.

Two technical means for protecting intellectual property on the web is the way that they set DVDs up so that you must have special software to copy the DVD onto your computer. Another thing that they do to protect intellectual property is that on software it has to be registered so that the company knows where the software is going.

notes 1-6-10

Painting Bitmapped Graphics

Painting Software.

• paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device
• pointer movements are translated into lines and patterns on the screen
• Stores an image at 300 dots per inch or higher.

Pixels: tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up images on the screen

The Palette of tools mimics real-world painting tools

• Also contains other tools that are unique to computers

Bitmapped Graphics (or raster graphics): pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen.

Color Depth: the number of bits devoted to each pixel

Resolution: the density of the pixels

Digital Photo Management software programs such as Apple Iphoto and and Microsoft Picture IT! simplify and automate common tasks associated with capturing, organizing, editing, and sharing digital images

Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes (called object-oriented or vector graphics)

Memory demands on storage are not as high as for bit-mapped images

Many drawing tools-LIne, shape and text tools are similar to painting tool in bitmapped programs.

Bit-mapped painting (pixels) gives you these advantages:

• More control over textures, shading and fine detail
• Appropriate for screen displays simulation natural paint media and emellishing photgraphs.

Object oriented drawing gives you these advantages:

• Better for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations
• Lines are cleaner and shapes are smoother.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) software

• Allows engineers, designers, and architects ot create designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public building
• Can test products prototypes
• Cheaper, Faster, and more accurate than traditional design-by-hand techniques

Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) is the process by which data related to the product designs are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) refers to the combination of CAD?CAM and is a major step toward a fully automated factory.

Rules of Thumb: Making Powerful Presentations

• Remember your goal
• Remember your audience
• outline your ideas
• be stingy with words
• keep it simple
• Use a consistent design
• Be Smart with Art
• Keep each slide focused
• Tell them what you going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them.

Dynamic Media: Beond the printed Page

Desktop Video:computer, Film and Tv

Analog and digital Video

• A video digitizer can convert analog video signals for a tv broadcast or videotape into digital data.

Many video digitizers can import signals from tv, videotaps, video caameras, and other sources

• Signals displayed on the computers screen in Real Time- at the same time they're created or imported

Digital video cameras capture footage in digital

Digital vide can be copied, edited, stored, and played back without any loss of quality

Digital vido will soon replace analog video for the most applications